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Barclays traces its origins to a goldsmith banking business established by John Freame and Thomas Gould in the City of London in 1690. The family name of "Barclays" became permanently associated with the firm when James Barclay, son-in-law of one of the founders, was admitted as a partner in 1736. The modern institution was formally created in 1896 through the amalgamation of twenty smaller private banks in London and the English provinces, uniting under the name Barclays and Co., a joint-stock bank. Barclays continued to expand both domestically, notably by deploying the world's first cash dispenser in 1967, and internationally to become one of the UK's largest and most historically significant financial institutions.

Barclays PLC is a public limited company (PLC), headquartered in London and dual-listed with a primary listing on the London Stock Exchange (LSE) and a secondary listing on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). In the Indian financial system, Barclays Bank PLC operates as a major foreign bank, though it significantly reduced its consumer/retail presence around 2011 to focus on core B2B activities. Its current significance lies in its market-leading positions in Investment Banking, International Corporate Banking, and Private Banking, catering to large corporates, institutions, and ultra-high-net-worth (UHNW) clients. Furthermore, its global capability centers in India, across cities like Pune and Mumbai, employ over 30,000 people, making the country a strategic hub for the Group’s technology and shared services operations worldwide.