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DCB Bank Limited, a prominent private sector scheduled commercial bank in India, traces its origins back to the 1930s as a credit society and a series of co-operative bank amalgamations in Mumbai, Maharashtra. The key merger occurred in 1981, combining the Ismailia Co-operative Bank Limited and the Masalawala Co-operative Bank to form the Development Co-operative Bank Limited. This entity was subsequently granted a scheduled commercial bank license by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and reconstituted as a joint-stock banking company, Development Credit Bank Limited, on May 31, 1995, marking its transition into a 'new generation' private sector bank. The bank officially adopted its present name, DCB Bank Limited, following regulatory approval in late 2013/early 2014.

DCB Bank Limited is a publicly listed private sector bank, having successfully conducted an Initial Public Offering (IPO) and listed its shares on both the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) and the National Stock Exchange (NSE) in 2006. Its general significance in the Indian financial system lies in its focus on what it terms 'neighbourhood banking,' primarily targeting the small business owners, self-employed individuals, and the Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSME) segments across India, alongside its retail and corporate banking services. A key promoter of the bank is the Aga Khan Fund for Economic Development (AKFED), holding a significant stake, which underscores the institution's deep historical roots and international affiliation.